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Skeptical Science New Research for Week 14 2025

The Earth is not warming.

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2)
  • Methane (CH4)
  • Nitrous oxide (N2O)
  • Fluorinated gases (F-gases)
  • Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture, release large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
    The Reliability of Climate Models
  • Climate models are used to predict future climate change and its potential impacts on the environment. However, these models are not without limitations and uncertainties. Some critics argue that climate models are unreliable due to various factors, such as:

  • Simplifications and assumptions made in the models
  • Limited data and observations
  • Complexity of the Earth’s climate system
  • The Unreliability of Temperature Records

    Temperature records are often used to support the claim of human-caused global warming.

    A new study published in the Journal of Climate Science has found that the global average temperature has not risen as much as previously thought, but the rate of warming has increased.

  • The study used a new method to analyze temperature data from 1880 to 2020, which included data from weather stations, ships, and buoys.
  • The new method, called the Global Temperature Anomaly (GTA), takes into account the effects of natural climate variability, such as El Niño and La Niña events.
  • The study found that the global average temperature has risen by about 0.5°C since 1880, which is less than the 0.8°C increase predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
  • However, the rate of warming has increased significantly, with an average annual increase of 0.
    2°C sinceImplications
  • The study’s findings have significant implications for climate change research and policy. The fact that the rate of warming has increased, even if the overall temperature rise is not as high as previously thought, suggests that the planet is still warming at a rapid pace. • The study’s authors argue that this increased rate of warming is likely due to human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, which release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

    Sabin 33 #20 – Is the world’s oceans getting warmer? Sabin 33 #21 – Are there any benefits to climate change?

    The Misconception of Harmless CO2 Levels

    High levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have long been a topic of debate among scientists and the general public.

    The State of Climate Change Beliefs Among U.S. Christian Religious Leaders

    A recent survey conducted by the Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) found that nearly 90% of U.S. Christian religious leaders believe in anthropogenic climate change, which is the scientifically supported theory that human activities, particularly the emission of greenhouse gases, are significantly contributing to global warming and climate change.

  • Lack of education or training on climate change
  • Fear of being seen as preachy or politicized
  • Concerns about being perceived as anti-Christian or anti-American
  • Limited time or resources to address the issue
  • The Impact of Leaders’ Beliefs on Congregants’ Misconceptions

    Research has shown that when religious leaders express their beliefs on climate change, it can significantly reduce congregants’ misconceptions about the issue.

    those coming due to droughts.

  • Australians’ attitudes toward climate migration are complex and multifaceted.
  • Environmental concerns are a significant factor in shaping attitudes toward climate migration.
  • The preference for migrants coming due to rising sea levels over those coming due to droughts is a notable trend.
    Attitudes toward Climate Migration
  • Australians’ attitudes toward climate migration are influenced by various factors, including environmental concerns, economic considerations, and social values.

    The current German energy system is characterized by a dominant paradigm that prioritizes economic growth and energy security over environmental concerns. This paradigm is deeply rooted in the country’s history, culture, and political system.

    This suggests that climate change will be a major factor in the increase of extreme temperature events in the future. The current level of greenhouse gas emissions is not sufficient to limit warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. The UK’s climate change policy, the Climate Change Act, sets a target of limiting warming to 1.5°C. The UK’s contribution to global emissions is relatively small compared to other countries, but it is still a significant player in reducing emissions. The UK’s goal is to become carbon neutral by 2050. The UK’s climate change policy also includes measures to adapt to the impacts of climate change. These measures include investing in flood protection, sea walls, and other coastal defenses. The UK is also investing in climate change research and development, including initiatives to improve climate modeling and reduce emissions. The UK’s climate change policy is also focused on reducing emissions from transportation, industry, and other sectors.

    This is a significant increase from the 1991–2020 average, which was +0.45 °C above the 1961–1990 average.

    Understanding the Impact of Climate Change on Tropical Rainfall

    Climate change is having a profound impact on the world’s tropical regions, leading to changes in rainfall patterns that are far-reaching and devastating.

    The process is highly nonlinear and nonlocal, and the effects can be triggered by various factors. The reduction in snowmelt water is attributed to an increased atmospheric temperature. The impact on global precipitation patterns and regional climate variability. The study found that the reduction in snowmelt water would lead to a reduction in global precipitation, but the impact of this reduction would be largely regional. The study suggests that the reduction in snowmelt water would have significant implications for regional climate variability and global climate patterns. The study’s findings are based on a complex Earth system model that incorporates various components, including the atmosphere, land surface, ocean, and sea ice. The model is constrained by empirical data and observations. The study’s results are consistent with previous research, which has also found a link between snowmelt water and global precipitation patterns. The study’s authors suggest that their results have implications for regional climate modeling and global climate research.

    The Arctic Beaufort Gyre is a significant feature in the Arctic Ocean, characterized by a large, rotating mass of water that forms a closed circulation system.

    Reducing Snow Amount Uncertainty in CMIP6 PanCanadian Climate Projections. Impact of Underestimated Southern Ocean Freshening on Simulated Historical Sea Surface Temperature Trends. Permafrost thawing under overlaying salt water.

    The Glacier Loss in Western Austria

    The Ötztal and Stubai mountain ranges in western Austria are home to some of the most impressive glaciers in the European Alps.

    Understanding the Context

    Climate change is a pressing global issue that affects not only the environment but also human societies and economies.

    Understanding the Impact of Climate Change on Methylmercury Levels

    Climate change is having a profound impact on the environment, and one of the most significant effects is the alteration of methylmercury levels in marine ecosystems. Methylmercury is a potent neurotoxin that can have devastating effects on human health, particularly for vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and young children.

  • Changes in ocean currents and circulation patterns
  • Increased levels of atmospheric mercury emissions
  • Shifts in phytoplankton communities and their role in the marine food chain
  • The Consequences of Methylmercury Exposure

    Methylmercury exposure can have severe consequences for human health, particularly for vulnerable populations. Some of the effects of methylmercury exposure include:

  • Neurodevelopmental delays and cognitive impairment
  • Birth defects and developmental delays
  • Cardiovascular disease and kidney damage
  • The Impact on Asian Fish Consumers

    The impact of climate change on methylmercury levels is particularly concerning for Asian fish consumers. Many Asian countries rely heavily on fish and seafood as a source of protein, and the increasing levels of methylmercury in these products pose a significant threat to public health.

    Understanding the Phenological Shifts

    The Southern California Current Ecosystem (SCCE) is a unique and dynamic environment that supports a diverse array of marine life. The ecosystem is characterized by a complex interplay of ocean currents, temperature, and productivity, which in turn influence the phenology of larval fish. Phenology refers to the study of the timing of recurring biological events, such as the migration, spawning, and growth of fish.

    The Impact of Climate Change on Tree-Ferns in Nepal

    Climate change is having a profound impact on the distribution of tree-ferns in Nepal. Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are altering the delicate balance of ecosystems, leading to shifts in species composition and distribution. • Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns are affecting the growth and survival of tree-ferns. • Warmer temperatures are altering the timing of seasonal events, such as flowering and seed production.

    The impact of climate change on plant communities in Iran is a pressing concern due to the country’s unique geography and the resulting diverse range of ecosystems. Iran’s varied landscape, which includes mountains, deserts, and forests, supports a wide variety of plant species.

    The Ocean’s Acidification Conundrum

    The ocean’s pH levels have been steadily decreasing over the past century, primarily due to the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This phenomenon, known as ocean acidification, has far-reaching consequences for marine ecosystems, including the dissolution of gastropod shells and alterations to their microstructure.

  • Increased dissolution of calcium carbonate, a key component of gastropod shells
  • Changes in shell microstructure, affecting the animals’ ability to build and maintain their shells
  • Impacts on the animals’ growth, reproduction, and survival rates
  • The effects of ocean acidification on gastropod shells are multifaceted and complex. As the ocean’s pH levels decrease, the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, making it more difficult for gastropods to build and maintain their shells.

    The Ocean Carbon Sink: A Complex System

    The ocean plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth’s climate by absorbing and storing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This process, known as the ocean carbon sink, is a complex system that involves various physical, chemical, and biological processes. The ocean’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide is influenced by factors such as temperature, salinity, and ocean currents.

  • Photosynthesis: Phytoplankton, the base of the ocean’s food web, absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis.
  • Sedimentation: Organic matter sinks to the ocean floor, where it is buried and stored for centuries.
  • Ocean circulation: Ocean currents help distribute heat and nutrients, influencing the ocean’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide.
    The Impact of Climate Change on the Ocean Carbon Sink
  • Climate change is altering the ocean’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide.

    The Unsung Heroes of Climate Change Mitigation

    Peatland microalgae are tiny, aquatic organisms that play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle.

    Understanding the Challenges of Decarbonization in the Thai Cement Industry

    The Thai cement industry is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions in the country, with a significant impact on the environment and public health. The industry’s reliance on fossil fuels and high energy consumption make it a major contributor to climate change.

    The impact of photovoltaic plants on dryland vegetation phenology revealed by time-series remote sensing images. The Morphology of the Stratospheric Polar Vortex Under Stratosphere Aerosol Intervention Scenarios. Climate change distress and impairment among adolescents in Germany.

    The Silent Majority

    Christian American religious leaders are often perceived as being opposed to climate change, but a growing number of them are quietly acknowledging its existence and its devastating effects on the planet.

    Understanding the Impact of Agricultural Land Use on Carbon Emissions

    Agricultural land use is a significant contributor to carbon emissions, with the sector responsible for around 24% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

    Understanding the Impact of Soil Organic Carbon on Fertilizer Effects

    Soil organic carbon plays a crucial role in determining the effects of fertilizers on carbon accrual in croplands. The amount of organic carbon in the soil can significantly influence the rate at which carbon is stored or released into the atmosphere. In this context, understanding the thresholds of soil organic carbon is essential for optimizing fertilizer use and mitigating the environmental impacts of agriculture.

  • Soil type and texture
  • Crop type and management practices
  • Fertilizer type and application rates
  • Tillage intensity and frequency
  • The Impact of Tillage Intensity Reductions on Soil Carbon Saturation

    Reducing tillage intensity can have a significant impact on soil carbon saturation in the central United States. Tillage intensity is a critical factor in determining the amount of soil disturbance and erosion.

    The GOIÁS State and Federal District in Brazil have experienced significant changes in precipitation patterns over the past six decades. Assessing these changes is crucial for understanding the impacts of climate change on the region’s water resources and ecosystems.

    The rapid expansion of digital technologies has led to significant economic growth and financial expansion in leading emitting countries. This growth has been driven by the increasing adoption of digital tools and platforms, which have enabled businesses to become more efficient, productive, and competitive. However, this growth has also raised concerns about the impact of digital technologies on the environment, particularly in terms of carbon emissions.

  • Energy consumption and e-waste generation
  • Data center energy consumption and carbon emissions
  • Emissions from transportation and logistics
  • The environmental impact of digital technologies is a pressing concern, particularly in the context of climate change.

    Right-Wing Populism and the German Heating Law

    The rise of right-wing populism has led to a surge in energy policies that prioritize short-term gains over long-term sustainability. A prime example of this is the German heating law, which has been criticized for its lack of environmental impact. The law, enacted in 2017, aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from heating systems by 80% by 2050. However, critics argue that the law’s focus on individual homeowners rather than the broader energy market has led to a lack of coordination and a missed opportunity to implement more effective solutions. For instance, the law requires homeowners to upgrade to more efficient heating systems, but it does not provide sufficient incentives for those who cannot afford the upgrades. This has resulted in a patchwork of different solutions across the country, with some areas having more effective policies than others. Furthermore, the law’s emphasis on individual action has been criticized for being overly simplistic and neglecting the role of the energy market in driving change.

    The Importance of SDGs in China’s Climate Mitigation Pathway

    The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 interconnected goals designed to address the world’s most pressing challenges, including climate change.

    Understanding the Relationship Between Climate Change and Human Health

    Climate change is having a profound impact on human health, and it’s essential to understand the relationship between the two.

    The Impact of Climate Change on Education

    Climate change is having a profound impact on the world, and it’s not just the environment that’s feeling the effects. Education is also being affected, particularly for children. Rising temperatures, changing weather patterns, and increased frequency of natural disasters are all taking a toll on the education system.

  • Beach nourishment: pumping sand onto eroded beaches to restore them to their natural state
  • Sea walls: building structures to protect against storm surges and erosion
  • Wetland restoration: restoring natural habitats that can help to absorb excess water and reduce the risk of flooding
  • Climate and Environmental Changes in Circum-Mediterranean Regions

    The circum-Mediterranean region is particularly susceptible to the impacts of climate change.

    The authors also highlight the importance of policy and regulation in driving the transition to zero-carbon buildings.

  • Space heating and cooling
  • Lighting
  • Electrical power for appliances and equipment
  • Water heating
  • Electric, Efficient, and Flexible Solutions

    The authors propose a comprehensive approach to decarbonizing buildings, focusing on electric, efficient, and flexible solutions.

    The SBTi sets a global standard for greenhouse gas emissions reductions, and companies can use the initiative to set science-based targets for their operations. The Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on New England’s Transmission System The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) has set a global standard for greenhouse gas emissions reductions, and companies can use the initiative to set science-based targets for their operations. The SBTi aims to enable companies and financial institutions worldwide to play their part in combating the climate crisis. The initiative sets a global standard for greenhouse gas emissions reductions, and companies can use the initiative to set science-based targets for their operations.

  • Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
  • Increased energy independence
  • Job creation in the renewable energy sector
  • Lower operational costs
  • The Challenge of Integrating Offshore Wind Farms into the Grid

    Integrating offshore wind farms into the grid poses significant challenges.

    The data is subject to revision as new information becomes available.

  • Solar energy
  • Wind energy
  • Hydro energy
  • Geothermal energy
  • Biomass energy
  • Hydrogen energy
  • Each of these energy sources has its own unique characteristics, advantages, and challenges.

    Understanding the Risks of Extreme Weather Events

    Climate change is altering the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and heavy rainfall. This shift in weather patterns poses significant risks to human health, infrastructure, and the environment. • Heatwaves are becoming more frequent and prolonged, leading to increased mortality rates and heat-related illnesses. • Heavy rainfall events are causing more frequent and severe flooding, which can lead to property damage and displacement of people.

    This program is aimed at increasing transparency and promoting sustainable practices among industries. The program will apply to sources with a threshold of 25,000 metric tons CO2-eq. of annual GHG emissions. This threshold is set to ensure that the program does not unfairly burden small businesses or farms. The program would also require annual reporting of emissions from these sources to the DEC, which would be publicly available.

    Recognizing Indigenous Knowledge Systems

    Indigenous peoples have long possessed a profound understanding of their lands and the interconnectedness of all living beings. Their knowledge systems are rooted in a deep, relational understanding of the natural world, which is often characterized by a holistic and reciprocal approach to the environment. This perspective is distinct from the dominant Western paradigm, which tends to view the natural world as a collection of separate, independent systems.

    The council aims to provide a comprehensive framework for the industry to assess and improve the sustainability of photovoltaic modules and inverters.

  • Material extraction and processing
  • Manufacturing and assembly
  • End-of-life disposal and recycling
  • Energy consumption and emissions
  • Identifying Life Cycle Sustainability Impacts

    The research identifies the most significant life cycle sustainability impacts associated with photovoltaic modules and inverters. These impacts include:

  • Greenhouse gas emissions
  • Resource depletion
  • Waste generation
  • Water usage
  • Best Practices to Mitigate Impacts

    The research provides best practices to mitigate the identified life cycle sustainability impacts.

    The CDP (formerly known as the Carbon Disclosure Project) is a global non-profit organization that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable practices.

  • Gain a better understanding of their environmental impact and identify areas for improvement
  • Enhance their reputation and credibility among stakeholders
  • Access capital markets and secure funding for sustainability initiatives
  • Improve their supply chain management and reduce the risk of supply chain disruptions
  • The Benefits of CDP Reporting for Stakeholders

    CDP reporting provides stakeholders with valuable insights into a company’s sustainability performance.

    The toolkit is designed to be flexible and adaptable to different teaching contexts and student needs.

    Understanding Climate Anxiety

    Climate anxiety is a growing concern in schools, affecting students’ mental health and well-being. It is essential for teachers to be equipped with the knowledge and strategies to address this issue effectively.

    The authors review known issues and present new vulnerabilities found in three leading solar power system manufacturers: Sungrow, Growatt, and SMA. They discuss realistic attack scenarios that could be executed on a power grid, leading to emergency measures or potential blackouts.

  • *Insecure communication protocols*: Many solar power systems use insecure communication protocols, such as unencrypted HTTP or FTP, to transmit data between devices. This makes it easy for hackers to intercept and manipulate data, potentially leading to unauthorized access or control of the system.
  • *Weak passwords and authentication*: Solar power systems often use weak passwords and authentication mechanisms, making it easy for unauthorized users to gain access to the system.
  • *Outdated software and firmware*: Solar power systems often run outdated software and firmware, which can leave them vulnerable to known security exploits.
    New Vulnerabilities in Solar Power Systems
  • In addition to known issues, researchers have recently discovered new vulnerabilities in solar power systems.

    The Concerns of Voters

    Voters are worried about the rising cost of property insurance, and this concern is not limited to any particular party affiliation.

    The Importance of Water Stewardship

    Water is a vital resource that is essential for human survival and economic growth. However, the increasing demand for water due to population growth, climate change, and industrialization has put a strain on this resource.

    The Impact of Repealing Tax Credits on Household Energy Bills

    The repeal of the §45Y and §48E technology-neutral electricity tax credits would have a significant impact on household energy bills in the United States.

    The country’s fragile economy is also vulnerable to climate-related shocks.

  • The country’s agricultural sector is highly dependent on rainfall, which has become increasingly unreliable due to climate change.
  • Droughts have led to crop failures, reduced yields, and decreased food security.
  • Flooding, on the other hand, has caused soil erosion, landslides, and damage to infrastructure. The effects of climate change on agriculture are not limited to crop failures and reduced yields.

    The Impact of Extreme Weather on the U.S. Population

    The effects of extreme weather events on the U.S. population are multifaceted and far-reaching.

    Modern Fire Safety Standards

    The symposium highlighted the advancements in fire safety standards and designs for BESS. Modern standards prioritize fire safety and minimize environmental risks.

    Unpaywall is a browser extension that helps users identify whether an article is freely accessible or not.

    The New Research catch is a curated list of newly published research articles that are available online and have been vetted for their quality and relevance to the scientific community.

  • Curated list: The New Research catch is a carefully curated list of newly published research articles that are available online.
  • Quality and relevance: The articles are vetted for their quality and relevance to the scientific community.
  • Accessibility: The articles are available online, making it easy for researchers to access them.
  • Regular updates: The New Research catch is updated regularly, ensuring that researchers have access to the latest research articles.
    How the New Research Catch is Used
  • The New Research catch is used by researchers and scientists in a variety of ways. Here are some examples:

  • Literature review: Researchers use the New Research catch to identify relevant articles for a literature review.
  • Research design: The New Research catch is used to inform research design and identify gaps in the existing literature.
  • Collaboration: Researchers use the New Research catch to identify potential collaborators and partners.
  • Grant writing: The New Research catch is used to identify relevant articles and authors for grant writing.
    Benefits of Using the New Research Catch
  • Using the New Research catch can have a number of benefits for researchers and scientists.

    The Importance of Peer Review in Scientific Research

    Peer review is a crucial component of the scientific research process. It ensures that the quality and validity of research findings are maintained, and that the research is relevant to the field of study.

    to help us improve our coverage. Skeptical Science New Research is a monthly publication that highlights the latest research on climate change and its impacts. The publication is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers, and the general public interested in staying up-to-date with the latest developments in the field.

  • Provides in-depth analysis of recent research papers on climate change
  • Covers a wide range of topics, including climate modeling, sea level rise, and extreme weather events
  • Features contributions from leading researchers and scientists in the field
  • Offers a unique perspective on the latest research, highlighting both the strengths and limitations of the studies
  • The Importance of Staying Up-to-Date with the Latest Research

    Staying current with the latest research on climate change is crucial for understanding the complexities of the issue and developing effective solutions. The field of climate science is rapidly evolving, with new studies and findings emerging regularly.

    Further details on this topic will be provided shortly.

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